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static final String ERROR_VIEW = "/error.jsp"; public void doGet [...] // process invocation public void doPost [...] // process invocation protected void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { [...] // no changes } // implemented by the aspect private String invokeApplicationController( String aRequestPathInfo, HttpServletRequest aRequest, HttpServletResponse aResponse) throws Exception { return aRequestPathInfo; } // default

discuss both EJB context lookup and JNDI lookup in greater detail in coming chapters, as well as in appendix A.

onMessage() method try { String command = (( TextMessage ) msg ).getText(); Retrieves the //perform or delegate business logic message } catch(JMSException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); }

Recall from our discussion on DI in chapter 2 that the @EJB annotation is specifically intended for injecting session beans into client code. Also recall that since injection is only possible within managed environments, this annotation only works inside another EJB, in code running inside an application-client container (ACC), or in components registered with the web container (such as a servlet or JSF backing bean). However, some application servers will support injection of EJB references into POJOs as a vendor-specific extension. Here is the specification for the @EJB annotation:

@Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface EJB { String name() default ""; Class beanInterface() default Object.class; String beanName() default ""; }

To set up a message-driven EJB to receive JMS messages, you need to describe its functionality in the XML deployment descriptor. For instance, the sample XML in listing 1.10 describes the message-driven bean, including which JMS topic it describes.

Thus, the front controller code is independent from the application. The application s specific paths are defined within the aspect. HTTP requests are encapsulated in the applicationlevel requests (RequestContextFactory and RequestContext) of the aop.j2ee.client.web. protocol package.

All three of the parameters for the @EJB annotation are optional. The name element suggests the JNDI name that is used to bind the injected EJB in the environmentnaming context. The beanInterface specifies the business interface to be used to access the EJB. The beanName element allows us to distinguish among EJBs if multiple EJBs implement the same business interface. In our GoldBidManagerBean code, we chose to use the remote interface of the BidManagerBean. If we want to use the local interface of the BidManagerBean EJB instead, we can use the following:

@EJB private BidManagerLocal bidManager;

<ejb-jar> <enterprise-beans> <message-driven> <ejb-name>myMessageBean</ejb-name> <ejb-class>ejbs.msgbean.MessageBean</ejb-class> <transaction-type>Container</transaction-type> <message-driven-destination> <destination-type>javax.jms.Topic</destination-type> </message-driven-destination>

We have not specified the name parameter for the @EJB annotation in this code and the JNDI name is derived from the interface name (BidManagerLocal in our case). If we want to inject an EJB bound to a different JNDI name, we can use the @EJB annotation as follows:

The application controller design pattern centralizes the control and the invocation of the application-specific views and commands. Similar to the front controller, a typical design implies that a base class implements the commonalities of the controllers. Also, the use of an aspect can be more efficient than inheritance for factorization. Listing 12-18 shows that AOP simplifies the design of the application s presentation for the factorization of common functions. In any case, it allows the centralization of object initializations (see advice code lines 15 and 23). Listing 12-18. An Application Controller Aspect 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 package aop.j2ee.client.web.aspect; import import import import import aop.j2ee.client.web.bean.*; aop.j2ee.client.web.controller.*; aop.j2ee.client.web.protocol.RequestContext; aop.j2ee.client.web.protocol.LoginRequestContext; aop.j2ee.client.web.protocol.SubscriptionContext;

@EJB(name="BidManagerRemote") private BidManager bidManager;

The XML sample in listing 1.10 ties an instance of the MessageBean message-driven EJB to a JMS system using a JMS topic. Each particular application server generally has an additional configuration step for EJB deployment. For example, Weblogic uses an additional XML file to describe the behavior of EJBs. Listing 1.11 contains a sample partial XML document for the message bean that specifies the actual JMS topic for the EJB.

For the most part, using DI is a no-brainer. There are a few nuances to keep an eye on while using DI with stateful beans, though. You can inject a stateful session into another stateful session bean instance if you need to. For example, you can inject

the BidderAccountCreator stateful EJB from UserAccountRegistration EJB that is another stateful session bean as follows:

public aspect ApplicationController { // initialization, through getRequestData, of the application controllers

@Stateful public class UserAccountRegistrationBean implements UserAccountRegistration { @EJB private BidderAccountCreator bidderAccountCreator; ... }

<weblogic-ejb-jar> <weblogic-enterprise-bean> <ejb-name>myMessageBean</ejb-name> <message-driven-descriptor> <destination-jndi-name>BookJMSTopic</destination-jndi-name> </message-driven-descriptor> <jndi-name>myMessageBean</jndi-name> </weblogic-enterprise-bean> </weblogic-ejb-jar>